Most of the borders in the Middle East and Asia are drawn without any consideration of the locals

That is true everywhere though, locals only have a say when they rebel and throw out their overlords. It isn't like the Irish were particularly happy about England pushing them around and so on.

Still. Afghanistan effectively rebelled, and yet they still use the British-drawn borders as the borders of their state.

As a matter of power in the global scope, sure. Locally, it's messier. The British had to concede to local autonomy across the border they drew in what is now north-western Pakistan, and that formal arrangement persisted past partition (and informally persists to this day.) See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federally_Administered_Tribal_...