I don't doubt that training an LLM, and curating a training set, is a black art. Conventional wisdom was that up until a few years ago there were only a few dozen people in the world who knew all the tricks.
However, that is not what we were discussing.
You keep flip flopping on how you think these successfully trained frontier models are working and managing to predict the character level sequences represented by multi-character tokens ... one minute you say it's due to having learnt from an onerous amount of data, and the next you say they must be using a split function (if that's the silver bullet, then why are you not using one yourself, I wonder).
Near the top of this thread you opined that failure to count r's in strawberry is "Because they can't break down a token or have any concept of it". It's a bit like saying that birds can't fly because they don't know how to apply Bernoulli's principle. Wrong conclusion, irrelevant logic. At least now you seem to have progressed to (on occasion) admitting that they may learn to predict token -> character sequences given enough data.
If I happen into a few million dollars of spare cash, maybe I will try to train a frontier model, but frankly it seems a bit of an expensive way to verify that if done correctly it'd be able to spell "strawberry", even if using a penny-pinching tokenization scheme.
Nope, the right analogy is: "it's like saying a model will find it difficult to tell you what's inside a box because it can't see inside it". Shaking it, weighing it, measuring if it produces some magnetic field or whatever is what LLMs are currently doing, and often well.
The discussion was around the difficulty of doing it with current tokenization schemes v character level. No one said it was impossible. It's possible to train an LLM to do arithmetic with decent sized numbers - it's difficult to do it well.
You don't need to spend more than a few hundred dollars to train a model to figure something like this out. In fact, you don't need to spend any money at all. If you are willing to step through small model layer by layer, it obvious.
At the end of the day you're just wrong. You said models fail to count r's in strawberry because they can't "break" the tokens into letters (i.e. predict letters from tokens, given some examples to learn from), and seem entirely unfazed by the fact that they in fact can do this.
Maybe you should tell Altman to put his $500B datacenter plans on hold, because you've been looking at your toy model and figured AGI can't spell.
Maybe go back and read what I said rather than make up nonsense. 'often fail' isn't 'always fail'. And many models fail the strawberry example, that's why it's famous. I even lay out some training samples that are of the type that enable current models to succeed at spelling 'games' in a fragile way.
Problematic and fragile at spelling games compared to using character or byte level 'tokenization' isn't a giant deal. These are largely "gotchas" that don't reduce the value of the product materially. Everyone in the field is aware. Hyperbole isn't required.
Someone linked you to one of the relevant papers above... and you still contort yourself into a pretzel. If you can't intuitively get the difficulty posed by current tokenization, and how character/byte level 'tokenization' would make those things trivial (albeit with a tradeoff that doesn't make it worth it) maybe you don't have the horsepower required for the field.
"""
While current LLMs with BPE vocabularies lack
direct access to a token’s characters, they perform
well on some tasks requiring this information, but
perform poorly on others. The models seem to
understand the composition of their tokens in direct probing, but mostly fail to understand the concept of orthographic similarity. Their performance
on text manipulation tasks at the character level
lags far behind their performance at the word level.
LLM developers currently apply no methods which
specifically address these issues (to our knowledge), and so we recommend more research to
better master orthography. Character-level models
are a promising direction. With instruction tuning, they might provide a solution to many of the
shortcomings exposed by our CUTE benchmark
"""
However, that is not what we were discussing.
You keep flip flopping on how you think these successfully trained frontier models are working and managing to predict the character level sequences represented by multi-character tokens ... one minute you say it's due to having learnt from an onerous amount of data, and the next you say they must be using a split function (if that's the silver bullet, then why are you not using one yourself, I wonder).
Near the top of this thread you opined that failure to count r's in strawberry is "Because they can't break down a token or have any concept of it". It's a bit like saying that birds can't fly because they don't know how to apply Bernoulli's principle. Wrong conclusion, irrelevant logic. At least now you seem to have progressed to (on occasion) admitting that they may learn to predict token -> character sequences given enough data.
If I happen into a few million dollars of spare cash, maybe I will try to train a frontier model, but frankly it seems a bit of an expensive way to verify that if done correctly it'd be able to spell "strawberry", even if using a penny-pinching tokenization scheme.