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The US also did annex large parts of what used to be Mexico in the 19th century, so you don't even technically have so be an immigrant to speak Spanish

Unless you're 126 years old, that excuse doesn't really hold up. Plenty of immigrants came from Italy, Poland, and Russia more recently than your mentioned time, but you don't hear Press 3 for Italian too often.

Well... they weren't immigrants, they were annexed. Why should they speak English?

They didn't have to. But they also shouldn't expect the annexing government or populace to accommodate them.

Their country lost the war, lost the territory, and those that stayed and chose to take American citizenship should've learned English, the (de facto) language of the country they chose to join.


People still speak German in South Tyrol even though it's part of Italy since 1919.

> Russian is another “difficult” language, but all the satellite nations had no problem picking it up.

Russian is not more difficult than English and a lot of the satellite states were speaking other Slavic languages. If you already speak Spanish, it's less difficult to pick up Italian too.


I would envision to see some more GPU drivers from Chinese companies like MooreThreads

> but there’s no real way to coordinate that in society from the top down without being authoritarian.

PR comes to mind. They managed to convince millions of people that smoking is 'cool', we just need another Bernays to do the same for having kids.


You often have a radio clock source like DCF77 that all those radio controlled clocks use


Quake and Doom sure come to mind


C is not a subset of C++, there are some subtle things you can do in C that are not valid C++


It is when compared with C89, also the ISO C++ requires inclusion of ISO C standard library.

The differences are the usual that occur with guest languages, in this case the origin being UNIX and C at Bell Labs, eventually each platform goes its own merry way and compatibility slowly falls apart with newer versions.

In regards to C89 the main differences are struct and unions naming rules, () means void instead of anything goes, ?: precedent rules, implicit casts scenarios are reduced like from void pointers.


Some subtle and some not so subtle.


Same that happens with Starlink satellites that are obsolete or exhausted their fuel - they burn up in the atmosphere.


> You could argue that it doesn't really count though because it was only turing complete in theory

Then you have to also count the Z3 which predates the Colossus by 2 years.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z3_(computer)


But there are no clouds in space and with the right orbit they are always facing the sun


You know how people sometimes dismiss PV by saying "what happens at night or in cloudy weather?"?

Well, what happens over the course of a year of night and clouds is that 1 TW-peak becomes an average of about 110 to 160 GW.

We're making ~1 TW-peak per year of PV right now.


but then you have answered the earlier question: solar panels in space pay themselves back ~7-8 times faster


That wasn't the original question. The head of this thread was quoting Musk's claim, which I repeat here:

> it is possible to put 500 to 1000 TW/year of AI satellites into deep space

This is 500-1000 times as much as current global production.

Musk is talking about building on the Moon 500-1000 times as much factory capacity as currently exists in aggregate across all of Earth, and launching the products electromagnetically.

Given how long PV modules last, that much per year is enough to keep all of Earth's land area paved with contiguous PV. PV doesn't last as long in space, but likewise the Moon would be totally tiled in PV (and much darker as a consequence) at this production rate.

In fact, given it does tile the moon, I suspect Musk may have started from "tile moon with PV" and estimated the maximum productive output of that power supply being used to make more PV.

I mean, don't get me wrong, in the *long term* I buy that. It's just that by "long term" I mean Musk's likely to have buried (given him, in a cryogenic tube) for decades by the time that happens.

Even being optimistic, given the lack of literally any experience building a factory up there and how our lunar mining experience is little more than a dozen people and a handful of rovers picking up interesting looking rocks, versus given how much experience we need down here to get things right, even Musk's organisation skills and ability to enthuse people and raise capital has limits. But these are timescales where those skills don't last (even if he resolves his political toxicity that currently means the next Democrat administration will hate his guts and do what they can to remove most of his power), because he will have died of old age.


I wasn't referencing Elon's claim, but your reply to

> In fairness, solar cells can be about 5x more efficient in space (irradiance, uptime).

Clearly this person was referencing a financial efficiency predominantly through uptime.

Your other points: I agree :)


> Clearly this person was referencing a financial efficiency predominantly through uptime.

I read the person you are quoting differently, as them misunderstanding and thinking that the current 1 TW-peak/year manufacturing was 1 TW-after-capacity-factor-losses/year.


The 1TW is the rated peak power output. It's essentially the same in space. The thing that changes is the average fraction of this sustained over time (due to day/night/seasons/atmosphere, or the lack of all of the above).

It's still the same 1TW theoretical peak in space, it's just that you can actually use close to that full capacity all the time, whereas on earth you'd need to over-provision substantially and add storage, so 1TW of panels can only drive perhaps a few hundred GW of average load.


> the whole capacity

Wouldn’t something like half of the panels be in shadow at any time?


Depends where you put them. The current vogue option is a sun-synchronous orbit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun-synchronous_orbit


polar orbit


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