Skimming the study I'm not really convinced that the concept of a "golden hour" actually exists. For one it's a cohort study and not a RCT, so reverse causation (ie. people with good sleep sleep at 10-11) can't be ruled out. My guess is that sleeping later than 10-11 is associated with not getting enough sleep (going to bed late = less sleep), whereas sleeping earlier than 10-11 is associated with waking early (eg. waking at 4am so you can work at the bakery at 5am) which is also bad for sleep.
I felt the study was flawed the instant I saw they tied the golden hour to a time. So if I drive a mile to cross the river into the next time zone, I can stay up an extra hour?
This study should have been tied to a concept of sleep rhythm or how long you stay up after you wake each morning. But tying it to such a poor concept of our time(which is tied to time zones which abruptly start/end at specific locations) doesn't give me much faith in the study.
If it is true that frequent, brief, moderately intense exercise is that beneficial, I can see several ways that office workers can fit that into their workday.
If you work in a multi-floor office building: when going to the restroom, walk up stairs to a restroom on a floor above the one you work on; if you go out for lunch, walk to lunch, then walk up the stairs when you get back; if you are going to a meeting, leave you desk a couple of minutes early and walk up and down the stairs before going to the meeting room.
All of these ideas have something in common: walking up stairs is as close to HIIT that most people get during their day.
When I was about 13 years old (60 years ago) I discovered a programmed instruction text that taught machine language programming. Not assembly language, machine language. It would have a page of explanation, followed by a multiple choice question. Your choice of answer would direct you to another page in the book. If your answer was correct, you'd see the next page of instruction. If you were wrong the page you landed on would give an explanation that would hopefully clear up your misunderstanding. I gave a book report on the book which cemented my nerd cred for the rest of my time in high school.
It was another 4 years before I was in college and was able to run a program on an actual computer. An Algol program on a Burroughs B5500 mainframe, complete with punched card reader and line printer. After I graduated I got a job with a defense contractor, and spent the rest of my career working for defense contractors. At one of my jobs I worked on the flight computer software for the Air Force C-130 cargo plane and I would never fly in one of those planes, but that's a story for another day.
One of the things I spotted in my casual looking around is this statement: "Therefore, as part of the FDA approval process, Gilead was required to develop an alternative form of the chemical — known as a “prodrug”— that could be taken by mouth." [1]
If Gilead agreed to develop an alternative drug that had fewer adverse side effects in exchange for FDA approval of their preferred (more expensive) drug, then I think the lawsuit has a great deal of merit.
That is a bad quote out of context. The original drug was a prodrug, agreed upon with the FDA.
"To create a usable medication
from tenofovir, Gilead was required to develop an alternative
form of the chemical, known generally as a “prodrug,” that would
be safe and effective when administered orally.
Gilead eventually created TDF, a prodrug form of tenofovir,
and focused its development efforts on that compound. TDF was
approved by the FDA for sale as a treatment for HIV/AIDS
in 2001. At some point during its work, Gilead developed a second
prodrug form of tenofovir, TAF, that also showed promise in the
treatment of HIV/AIDS"
The FDA does not engage in horse trading like saying we will approve this Dangerous Drug if you promise to develop a safer one in the future. Drugs either meet clearly established legal criteria, or they don't.
My first job after graduation was programming and running a PDP-8 in a Psych lab (my degree was in Psychology with a minor in Computer Science). Data transfer was interesting from today's perspective. I would have to print out data to a teletype machine with the paper tape writer turned on, then take the paper tape to the computer center (where the Burroughs B5500 lived) load the paper tape into a teletype machine connected to the mainframe, and after that the mainframe would output the data on punched cards. After all the typos were corrected on the punched cards, the Psych Grad students could run their data analysis using programs also on punched cards.
One interesting episode I remember to this day was when we got some error messages from the PDP-8. I ran a diagnostic that said the one of the boards in the computer was experiencing intermittent errors. I ran a diagnostic which said yes one of the boards was failing. We had a maintenance contract, so I called DEC and they sent out a repair person. He ran the diagnostic again and confirmed that a board was failing. I expected him to just replace the board. But No! He pulled the board out of the computer, unsoldered a transistor, and soldered in a new transistor. After running the diagnostic to confirm that the problem was fixed he went on his way and we were back in business. Nowadays if you get a hardware failure you have to replace an entire Motherboard, or a memory board.
I'm wondering whether they could ship the film masters to the Internet Archive. They might even pursuede the Internet Archive to pay the shipping costs.
I recently signed up for Prime after resisting for years. The only reason I signed up was for the rapid shipping. I was doing a lot of traveling and I needed to be able to get some stuff quickly. After my current trip I will almost certainly do whatever is required to cancel.
“Typefaces cannot be protected by copyright in the United States (Code of Federal Regulations, Ch 37, Sec. 202.1(e); Eltra Corp. v. Ringer), but fonts can be protected by design patent and may be protected by copyright.”
As I understand things, if the USA legal system were to choose to apply the same rules to these tiles, their exact shape would be copyrightable, but variations on it wouldn’t, even if the variations, for all intents and purposes, are identical to the original.
This reminds of what happened to a Mars lander when one software team was doing calculations with the metric system and another team was using English measurements.
And if you want a deep dive, the original article (including a LOT of details about the research) is here https://academic.oup.com/ehjdh/article/2/4/658/6423198